用來直接觀察人體器官內(nèi)部腔體的醫(yī)療裝置稱為內(nèi)窺鏡。內(nèi)窺鏡一般由攝像、冷光源、主機、顯示器、導(dǎo)光束等結(jié)構(gòu)及針對不同部位的鏡頭組成。內(nèi)窺鏡經(jīng)人體的天然孔道或經(jīng)小切口進入人體內(nèi)，通過CCD采集并逐級處理后在外部顯示器成像，多用于人體器官或組織的檢查及手術(shù)治療。

The medical device used to directly observe the internal cavities of human organs is called an endoscope. Endoscopes are generally composed of cameras, cold light sources, hosts, displays, guiding beams, and other structures, as well as lenses for different parts. Endoscopes enter the human body through natural pores or small incisions, are collected and processed by CCD, and then imaged on external displays. They are often used for examination and surgical treatment of human organs or tissues.

按其發(fā)展及成像構(gòu)造分類：可大體分為3大類：硬管式內(nèi)窺鏡、纖維內(nèi)窺鏡和電子內(nèi)窺鏡。

According to its development and imaging structure, it can be broadly divided into three categories: rigid tube endoscopes, fiber endoscopes, and electronic endoscopes.

硬管式內(nèi)窺鏡

Rigid tube endoscope

硬管式內(nèi)窺鏡包括傳像、照明、工作通道三大部分。傳像部分分為物鏡、中繼系統(tǒng)、目鏡組成傳導(dǎo)圖像。照明部分采用冷光源用光導(dǎo)纖維穿入境內(nèi)的方法。工作通道作用為送氣、送水、通活檢鉗。硬性內(nèi)窺鏡產(chǎn)品有喉鏡、鼻竇鏡、膀胱鏡、子宮鏡、直腸鏡等，狼牌(WOLF)、史托斯(STORZ)硬性鏡市場做的最好，還有很多品牌硬性鏡，競爭激烈。

A rigid tube endoscope includes three main parts: image transmission, lighting, and working channels. The transmission part consists of an objective lens, a relay system, and an eyepiece to transmit images. The lighting part adopts the method of using cold light sources and optical fibers to penetrate the territory. The function of the working channel is to supply air, water, and biopsy forceps. Hard endoscope products include laryngoscopes, sinusoscopes, cystoscopes, hysteroscopes, rectoscopes, etc. WOLF and STORZ are the best in the hard endoscope market, and there are also many brands of hard endoscopes, with fierce competition.

喉鏡、鼻竇鏡、羊水鏡由外鏡管、光導(dǎo)束、內(nèi)鏡管、光學系統(tǒng)、鏡體、光導(dǎo)束接口、目端接管、目鏡罩等組成。

Laryngoscopes, sinusoscopes, and amnioscopes are composed of an external tube, a light guide beam, an endoscopic tube, an optical system, a lens body, a light guide beam interface, an eyepiece connector, and an eyepiece cover.

膀胱鏡由光學內(nèi)窺鏡、操作器、鏡鞘、窺鏡橋等組成。

The cystoscope consists of an optical endoscope, an operator, a sheath, and a bridge.

子宮鏡一種由22°角外鏡管、光導(dǎo)束、內(nèi)鏡管、光學系統(tǒng)、鏡體、光導(dǎo)束接口、目端接管、目鏡罩、輸液管、操作管、限位器、宮頸塞等組成；另一種由內(nèi)窺鏡體、操作器、鞘套組成。

Hysteroscopy is composed of a 22 ° angle external endoscope tube, a light guide beam, an endoscope tube, an optical system, a lens body, a light guide beam interface, an eyepiece connector, an eyepiece cover, an infusion tube, an operating tube, a limiter, a cervical plug, etc; Another type is composed of an endoscope body, an operator, and a sheath.

直腸鏡一種是帶有光學系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)窺鏡，由閉孔器、窺視管、手柄、鏡盤、注氣嘴、光導(dǎo)束接口等組成；另一種是沒有光學系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)窺鏡，只有內(nèi)外窺視管，中間裝有照明光導(dǎo)束，帶有手柄、鏡盤、注氣嘴、光導(dǎo)束接口等組成的直腸鏡。

Rectoscopy is an endoscope with an optical system, consisting of a obturator, a viewing tube, a handle, a disc, an air nozzle, and an optical beam interface; Another type is an endoscope without an optical system, consisting only of an inner and outer endoscope tube, with an illuminated light guide beam in the middle, and a rectal endoscope composed of a handle, a mirror disc, an air injection nozzle, and a light guide beam interface.

纖維內(nèi)窺鏡

Fiber endoscope

用纖維光束傳像和導(dǎo)光或用CCD傳導(dǎo)圖像的內(nèi)窺鏡成為纖維內(nèi)窺鏡。由于它具有良好的柔軟性和方便的操作性能，在醫(yī)學上得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。目前產(chǎn)品有胃鏡、十二指腸鏡、結(jié)腸鏡、膽道鏡、小腸鏡、支氣管鏡、輸尿管鏡等。

Endoscopes that transmit images and guide light using fiber beams or transmit images using CCD become fiber endoscopes. Due to its excellent flexibility and convenient operational performance, it has been widely used in medicine. At present, our products include gastroscopy, duodenoscopy, colonoscopy, choledochoscopy, enteroscopy, bronchoscopy, ureteroscopy, etc.

纖維內(nèi)窺鏡一般由目鏡、手輪（軟性或半硬性）、鉗道口、導(dǎo)光束接口、導(dǎo)像束、導(dǎo)光束組成，有些產(chǎn)品還包括送水（氣）孔、閉孔器等。

Fiber endoscopes are generally composed of an eyepiece, a handwheel (soft or semi hard), a clamp port, a guide beam interface, a guide image beam, and a guide beam. Some products also include water (air) holes, closers, etc.

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