纖維鏡由纖維鏡體和冷光源組成，鏡體一般含目鏡、手輪、鉗道口、導光束接口、導光束、導像束，有些產品還含有送水（氣）孔、閉孔器等。目前常見的有支氣管纖維鏡。
Fiberscope is composed of fiberscope body and cold light source. The lens body generally includes eyepiece, hand wheel, clamp port, guide beam interface, guide beam and image beam. Some products also include water (air) supply hole, obturator, etc. at present, bronchofiberscope is common.
纖維內窺鏡由光學觀察系統、照明傳輸系統和支架構件組成。光學觀察系統由聚焦成像的物鏡組、傳輸物鏡組像的傳/轉像組和目視觀察用的目鏡或CCD轉接鏡構成；照明傳輸系統由混編排列的多束導光纖維構成；支架構件由支承并包裹前述系統并開有手術和/或沖洗孔道的醫用金屬和/或有機材料構成。
The fiber endoscope is composed of an optical observation system, an illumination transmission system and a support member. The optical observation system is composed of an objective lens group for focusing imaging, an image transmission / conversion group for transmitting the objective lens group image, and an eyepiece or CCD adapter lens for visual observation; The lighting transmission system is composed of multiple bundles of light guide fibers arranged in a mixed manner; The support member consists of medical metal and / or organic materials that support and wrap the aforementioned system and are provided with surgical and / or flushing channels.
纖維內窺鏡與傳統純光學鏡片構成的內窺鏡或電子內窺鏡的最大區別在于傳/轉像組采用了傳像光纖，該傳像光纖由多束導光纖維按照坐標對位原則面陣排列，每一根導光纖維作為面陣上一個像素在傳像光纖兩端的坐標位置一一對應。

The biggest difference between the fiber endoscope and the endoscope or electronic endoscope composed of traditional pure optical lenses is that the image transmission / conversion group adopts the image transmission optical fiber. The image transmission optical fiber is arranged by multiple bundles of light guide fibers according to the principle of coordinate alignment. Each light guide fiber, as an image element on the array, corresponds to the coordinate positions at both ends of the image transmission optical fiber one by one.
物鏡將物體直接聚焦成像于光纖面陣上，光纖面陣上的每一像素（每一根導光纖維）分別接收對應位置像的光能，并將該光能傳輸至傳像光纖的另一端發出，光纖面陣上的所有像素在像方端輸出的全部光能重組了物鏡的聚焦像，即達到了光纖傳像目的。纖維內窺鏡安全有效應用的關鍵性能是成像水平，除要求物鏡有大視角、小畸變、高相對孔徑和景深外，傳像光纖質量是纖維內窺鏡成像質量和水平的主要貢獻，其中傳像光纖的像素數是限制纖維內窺鏡分辨極限的關鍵因素（對給定視場而言）。
The objective lens directly focuses the object on the optical fiber array, Each pixel on the fiber array (each optical fiber) respectively receives the light energy of the corresponding position image and transmits the light energy to the other end of the image transmission optical fiber. All the light energy output by all pixels on the optical fiber array at the image side reorganizes the focused image of the objective lens, that is, the purpose of optical fiber image transmission is achieved. The key performance of the safe and effective application of fiber endoscope is the imaging level, except that the objective lens is required to have a large viewing angle and a small viewing angle In addition to distortion, high relative aperture and depth of field, the quality of image transmission fiber is the main contribution to the imaging quality and level of fiber endoscope. The number of pixels of image transmission fiber is the key factor limiting the resolution limit of fiber endoscope (for a given field of view).
高像素數傳像光纖的制作，涉及單光纖芯直徑制造能力和成型技術。這類制造工藝有：酸洗法、熱溶法等，排列工藝有：單層合片法、自動補償法、斜面溜絲法等，目前傳像光纖最小芯徑不足5微米。其他如單光纖一致性質量、面形處理等也限制了傳像光纖的質量。
The manufacture of high pixel digital image transmission optical fiber relates to the manufacturing capacity and forming technology of single optical fiber core diameter. Such manufacturing processes include pickling method, hot-melt method, etc. the arrangement processes include single-layer lamination method, automatic compensation method, inclined wire sliding method, etc. at present, the minimum core diameter of image transmission optical fiber is less than 5 microns. Others, such as single fiber consistency quality and surface treatment, also limit the quality of image transmission fiber.