一）機械扇掃探頭
1） Mechanical fan scan probe
這是一個將單個圓盤形振子(其直徑為12mm—20mm)安置在扇形擺動架上，由電機驅(qū)動作扇形擺動掃描的機械扇掃探頭。美國HP SONOS-CF彩色超聲診斷儀配用的2.5MHz到7.5MHz的七種頻率的機械扇掃探頭的外形。機械扇掃探頭的前端內(nèi)部裝有高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的超聲振子，外面是一個半球面形的探測面，它是由具有良好的透射性和耐磨性的材料構(gòu)成。
This is a mechanical sector scanning probe that places a single disk vibrator (with a diameter of 12mm-20mm) on the sector swing frame and is driven by a motor for sector swing scanning. The shape of mechanical sector scan probe with seven frequencies from 2.5MHz to 7.5MHz used by HP sonos-cf color ultrasonic diagnostic instrument in the United States. The front end of the mechanical fan scan probe is internally equipped with a high-speed rotating ultrasonic vibrator, and the outside is a hemispherical detection surface, which is composed of materials with good transmission and wear resistance.
機械扇掃探頭己是八十年代使用的最多的技術(shù)；由于超聲振子附著在一個機械擺架上，擺動的角度和擺動頻率都受到一定限止，如它的最大擺動角度只有６０度，比不上現(xiàn)代電子相控陣凸陣探頭的扇掃角度90度，更比不上微凸陣探頭170度，和曲陣探頭240度的扇掃角度。在機械扇掃探頭內(nèi)必須充有探頭油，探頭油要具有良好聲透性，又要是低密度、低阻力、絕緣性好的液體．機械扇掃探頭的使用壽命也不如相控陣凸陣探頭；但是在使用上，兩者都不需要移動時，就可獲得一幅圖像。
Mechanical fan scanning probe has been the most used technology in the 1980s; Because the ultrasonic vibrator is attached to a mechanical swing frame, the swing angle and swing frequency are limited to a certain extent. For example, its maximum swing angle is only 60 degrees, which is not as good as the fan sweep angle of 90 degrees of modern electronic phased array convex array probe, nor as good as the fan sweep angle of 170 degrees of micro convex array probe and 240 degrees of curved array probe. The mechanical fan scan probe must be filled with probe oil. The probe oil must have good sound permeability and be a liquid with low density, low resistance and good insulation. The service life of the mechanical fan scan probe is not as long as that of the phased array convex array probe; However, in use, when both do not need to move, an image can be obtained.
機械扇掃探頭它是利用正余弦變壓器或正余弦電位器與探頭同軸旋轉(zhuǎn)，產(chǎn)生正余弦位置信號，調(diào)整鋸齒波掃描，完成與探頭位置同步掃描，這是機械扇掃探頭的基本工作原理。
Mechanical sector scan probe uses sine cosine transformer or sine cosine potentiometer to rotate coaxially with the probe to generate sine cosine position signal, adjust sawtooth wave scanning and complete synchronous scanning with the probe position. This is the basic working principle of mechanical sector scan probe.

(二)線陣探頭
（2） Linear array probe
線陣探頭有64、128、256和512振元組成的多種探頭；由于振元晶片切割的厚度不同，它的使用頻率不同，它的線陣排列的長度也不同，工作頻率低的，其尺寸就長一些。
The linear array probe has a variety of probes composed of 64, 128, 256 and 512 vibration elements; Due to the different cutting thickness of the vibration element wafer, its use frequency is different, and the length of its linear array arrangement is also different. If the working frequency is low, its size is longer.
(三)相控陣探頭
（3） Phased array probe
相控陣探頭有多種形狀，有經(jīng)食道對心臟進行探查的相控陣探頭；探測平面寬度很小，表面接觸式相控陣探頭，可用于心臟手術(shù)。
The phased array probe has a variety of shapes, including a phased array probe for exploring the heart through the esophagus; The width of the detection plane is very small, and the surface contact phased array probe can be used in cardiac surgery.
（四）凸陣探頭
（4） Convex array probe
凸陣探頭有不同頻率、不同弧面尺寸的通用凸陣探頭和變頻凸陣探頭，還有一種適用小器官的微凸陣探頭。凸陣探頭的扇掃角度達80多度，微凸陣探頭可應(yīng)用于小器官探查，其扇掃角度大于90度。
Convex array probes include general convex array probes with different frequencies and different arc sizes, frequency conversion convex array probes, and a micro convex array probe suitable for small organs. The fan scanning angle of convex array probe is more than 80 degrees. Micro convex array probe can be used for small organ exploration, and its fan scanning angle is greater than 90 degrees.
目前在彩色多普勒超聲診斷儀使用變頻探頭，如有2.0/5.0MHz，2.5/5.0MHz，5.0/7.5
At present, frequency conversion probes are used in color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument, such as 2.0 / 5.0mhz, 2.5 / 5.0mhz and 5.0 / 7.5
MHz，7.5/12MHz---等多種變頻探頭。變頻探頭的設(shè)計主要適用于一次探掃中，能進行多部位掃描，也適用于不同體形的超聲探查。
MHz, 7.5/12mhz --- and other frequency conversion probes. The design of frequency conversion probe is mainly applicable to one-time scanning, multi position scanning, and ultrasonic exploration of different shapes.
(五) 矩陣式探頭
（5） Matrix probe
矩陣式探頭的振元塊是由切割成數(shù)百個方塊到數(shù)千個方塊的矩陣組成。如Philips×4 Matrix型超極矩陣式探頭，是由3000個陣元塊組成；它要有150多個計算機電子板進行接收和處理超聲回波信號。3000個陣元組成的矩陣式探頭，它可應(yīng)用于二維超聲心動圖和實時三維超聲心動圖；這是當前先進的笫三代多平面超聲探頭。實時三維超聲心動圖可以即時觀察心臟的三維解剖結(jié)構(gòu)，更好地評估瓣膜、室壁和血管之間的復(fù)雜關(guān)系。
The vibration element block of the matrix probe is composed of a matrix cut into hundreds to thousands of blocks. Such as Philips × 4. Matrix type super polar matrix probe is composed of 3000 array element blocks; It needs more than 150 computer electronic boards to receive and process ultrasonic echo signals. A matrix probe composed of 3000 array elements, which can be applied to two-dimensional echocardiography and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography; This is the third generation of advanced multi plane ultrasonic probe. Real time three-dimensional echocardiography can instantly observe the three-dimensional anatomical structure of the heart and better evaluate the complex relationship between valves, ventricular walls and blood vessels.
（六）超聲多普勒探頭
（6） Ultrasonic Doppler probe
測量血流的超聲多普勒探頭是雙晶片分隔式或分離式的簡易式換能器。探測多普勒頻譜的超聲多普勒探頭也是專用的。現(xiàn)在許多凸陣、線陣、相控陣及腔內(nèi)探頭均具有PWD(脈沖多普勒)和HRPF超聲多普勒探掃功能，相控陣探頭還具有CWD(連續(xù)多普勒) 探掃功能。脈沖多普勒的脈沖重復(fù)頻率的應(yīng)用范圍是1kHz—29kHz。
The ultrasonic Doppler probe for measuring blood flow is a simple transducer with double wafer separation or separation. The ultrasonic Doppler probe for detecting Doppler spectrum is also special. At present, many convex array, linear array, phased array and intracavity probes have PWD (pulse Doppler) and hrpf ultrasonic Doppler scanning functions, and phased array probes also have CWD (continuous Doppler) scanning functions. The application range of pulse repetition frequency of pulse Doppler is 1khz-29khz.
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