As the main tool of minimally invasive surgery, the development of medical endoscope is still very promising. The repair and maintenance of endoscope is also very important. The imaging quality of electronic endoscope is higher and gradually becomes the mainstream of the market.

內窺鏡廠商集中度較高，日本和德國廠商占據引領地位，進口替代程度較低，國產產品總體占比不足5%。

The concentration of endoscopic manufacturers is high, Japanese and German manufacturers occupy the leading position, and the degree of import substitution is low. The overall proportion of domestic products is less than 5%.

軟性內窺鏡領域壁壘很高，由于日本企業在光學領域的技術積累和先進水平，全球范圍的市場基本被奧林巴斯、賓得、富士等日企瓜分，合計占據90%以上的市場份額。

Due to the technology accumulation and advanced level of Japanese enterprises in the optical field, the global market is basically divided up by Olympus, Pentax, Fuji and other Japanese enterprises, accounting for more than 90% of the total market share.

國產產品與進口產品在光學積累和加工工藝上存在較大差距，進口替代進程緩慢。部分國產企業有涉及消化道軟鏡，但是以較為低端的標清產品為主，開立和澳華近年推出了國產高清消化道軟鏡，性能有一定提升，但是目前客戶主要以二級及以下醫院采購為主，進入三級醫院存在難度。

There is a big gap between domestic products and imported products in optical accumulation and processing technology, and the process of import substitution is slow. Some domestic enterprises have involved in digestive tract soft mirror, but mainly low-end standard definition products. Kaifa and Aohua have launched domestic high-definition digestive tract soft mirror in recent years, and the performance has been improved to a certain extent. However, at present, customers mainly purchase from secondary and lower hospitals, and it is difficult to enter tertiary hospitals.
            

①內窺鏡行業技術壁壘很高：內窺鏡是集光學、電子、結構、材料等多學科技術為一體的器械，技術壁壘高。鏡體內部包含多個通道，包括照明光纖、傳像光纖、傳氣通道、傳水通道等，需要多個專業領域的人才相互配合。

① The technical barrier of endoscope industry is very high: endoscope is an instrument integrating optics, electronics, structure, materials and other multidisciplinary technologies, with high technical barrier. The mirror body contains multiple channels, including lighting optical fiber, image transmission optical fiber, air transmission channel, water transmission channel, etc., which requires the cooperation of talents from multiple professional fields.

光學技術：核心部件是鏡頭和圖像傳感器，技術難點是攝像頭光學模組設計。

Optical technology: the core components are lens and image sensor, and the technical difficulty is the design of camera optical module.

圖像處理算法與成像：降噪技術和邊緣增強技術，例如NBI窄帶成像技術和FICE分光技術等，且日本廠家已經申請了很多權利進行保護。

Image processing algorithm and imaging: noise reduction technology and edge enhancement technology, such as NBI narrow-band imaging technology and fice spectroscopy technology, and Japanese manufacturers have applied for many rights to protect.

材料與加工工藝：在細微構造、材料等方面，有大量的權利和技術要訣。例如找到軟硬適中的材料適于插入，量產超細部分加工與組裝工藝。

Materials and processing technology: there are a lot of rights and technical tips in the aspects of fine structure and materials. For example, to find suitable soft and hard materials for insertion, mass production of ultra-fine parts processing and assembly process.

②先發優勢明顯，老牌企業已建立產業護城河。

② The first mover advantage is obvious, and the old brand enterprises have established the industrial moat.

上游技術封鎖：阻斷上游核心部件出口，提前布局進行封鎖，且海外企業不在國內設立研發中心，防止人才與技術流失。

Upstream technology blockade: block the export of upstream core components, layout ahead of time for blockade, and overseas enterprises do not set up R & D centers in China to prevent the loss of talents and technology.