內窺鏡是指通過管道將可以拍攝顯像的儀器送入人體，這樣就能夠直觀的對人體內部的組織狀態進行觀察的醫學檢查治療手段。目前臨床常用的內窺鏡包括有胃鏡、腸鏡、膀胱鏡、支氣管鏡、胸腔鏡、腹腔鏡等，內窺鏡是檢查的直接，準確的金標準。在胃鏡、腸鏡、膀胱鏡等檢查下，可以直接肉眼觀察到組織表面的情況，顯示X光片和CT、核磁共振檢查所不能發現的病變情況。對于潰瘍、腫瘤、炎癥等疾病的診斷是有幫助的，并且可以在內窺鏡的條件下直接取組織病理活檢甚至做治療，例如切除胃息肉、腸息肉等。胸腔鏡和腹腔鏡則是直接用內窺鏡的條件之下進行手術治療，包括膽囊炎或者其它腫物的切除，都可以用這種內窺鏡的手段進行。內窺鏡的輔助之下進行的治療的創傷是非常小的，相比普通的開胸、開腹手術，內窺鏡治療是屬于微創手術。

　　Endoscope refers to a medical examination and treatment method that uses a pipeline to send imaging instruments into the human body, allowing for intuitive observation of the internal tissue state of the body. At present, commonly used endoscopes in clinical practice include gastroscopy, colonoscopy, cystoscopy, bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy, laparoscopy, etc. Endoscopy is the direct and accurate gold standard for examination. Under gastroscopy, colonoscopy, cystoscopy and other examinations, the surface of the tissue can be directly observed with the naked eye, displaying lesions that cannot be detected by X-rays, CT and MRI examinations. It is helpful for the diagnosis of diseases such as ulcers, tumors, and inflammation, and can directly take tissue pathological biopsies or even perform treatments under endoscopic conditions, such as removing gastric polyps, intestinal polyps, etc. Thoracoscopy and laparoscopy are surgical treatments performed directly under the conditions of an endoscope, including the removal of cholecystitis or other tumors, which can be performed using this endoscopic method. The trauma of treatment with the assistance of endoscopy is very small, and compared to ordinary open chest and abdominal surgery, endoscopic treatment is a minimally invasive surgery.

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